What characteristic describes a superficial burn?

A superficial burn, often referred to as a first-degree burn, typically involves only the outer layer of skin, known as the epidermis. The defining characteristic of this type of burn is the presence of red and inflamed tissue, which is a result of the minor damage to the skin. This redness occurs due to increased blood flow to the area in response to the injury. Importantly, sensation remains intact in superficial burns, meaning that the area can still feel touch and temperature, although it may be sensitive or painful to the touch.

While the presence of blisters is associated with more severe burns, namely partial-thickness burns, superficial burns do not exhibit blistering. The presence of a black or leathery appearance suggests a full-thickness burn, which extends deeper into the layers of skin and damages the nerve endings, leading to a lack of sensation in that area. Severe pain is often reported with a variety of burn types but is particularly intense with partial or full-thickness burns, as those affect deeper tissues and nerve endings differently. In contrast, superficial burns can be painful due to inflammation, but the degree of pain may not be described as severe compared to deeper burns.